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FRANÇAIS POLSKI

Resources: Education & Training

Bias in Grain Size Chart Ratings
Cold Traps
Refrigeration of Brazing Paste?
Metallography and Microstructure of Aluminum and Alloys
Boxing of Components
Using Vacuum Furnaces to Achieve Lean, Green and Agile Manufacturing
Revealing the Microstructure of Tool Steels
Tool Steel Carbides
Argon Can Be Lethal!
Use of Active Brazing Alloys (ABA) in Vacuum Furnaces
Centerline Eutectics in Ni-brazing
Metallographic Preparation of Tool Steels
High and Ultra-High Vacuum
Getter Materials
Chapter 27: Vacuum Markets, Trends and Future Direction
Chapter 26: Vacuum Heat Treat Applications, Part Four: Special Processes
Material Certification Sheets: What They Are & How They Help
Low-Temperature Vacuum Heat-Treatment Processes
New Checklist for Nadcap Audits
Factors that Reduce Heat-Resistant-Alloy Component Life
Understanding Magnesium Heat Treatment
Jominy Testing: The Practical Side
Martensite
Flowmeter Basics
Stress Relief
Process Control Instrumentation: Furnace Temperature Surveys & AMS 2750D
Practical Applications of Computational Thermodynamics & Kinetics to Heat Treatment
Landing-Gear Heat Treatment
Brazing Questions Part-2
Brazing Questions Part-1
Microstructure of Nitrided Steels
Introduction to Stereological Principles
Introduction to Quantitative Metallography
Identification of Phases in Stainless Steels by Etching -2
Study of Selective Etching of Carbides in Steel
Can Your Suppliers Hurt Your In-house Brazing?
Metallographic Specimen Preparation for Electron Backscattered Diffraction
Principles of Gas Nitriding - Part 3-4
Chapter 24: Vacuum Heat Treat Applications, Part Two: Brazing
Microstructure of Isothermally-Treated Steels
Energy Conservation Through Proper Selection of Heat-Resistant Alloys
Effect of Heating Rates on Distortion, Fracture of Assemblies Being Brazed
Chapter 23: Vacuum Heat Treat Applications, Part One: Hardening
Can I Use Standard Aerospace Vacuum Furnaces to Braze Aluminum?
Artificial Joints - A Hot Topic
Picric Acid - Hazards & Safe Usage
Health & Safety in the Heat-Treat Shop
Chapter 22: Backfill Gases, Surge (Accumulator) Tanks and Gas Distribution Piping for Outside/Inside Storage Systems
The Nuclear Renaissance: Opportunities for the Heat-Treat Industry
Some Myths & Facts About Temperature Sensing
Chapter 21: Grids, Baskets, Fixtures and Racks for Vacuum Service – Design & Alloy Selection
Identification of Phases in Stainless Steels by Etching -1
Using a \"Stop-Off\" in Brazing
Making Your Own Brazing Paste
Optimizing Thermocouple Performance
A Laymans’s View of Plasma Spray Coating Metallography
Principles of Gas Nitriding - Part 1-2
Color Metallography
Shelf-Life and Expiration-Dates for Brazing Paste
Effects of Contamination on Quench-Oil Cooling Rate
Metallography of Surface Treatments & Coatings
What is Corrosion Fatigue
Chapter 20: Oil Quenching Technology
Chapter 19: Gas Quenching Technology
Chapter 18: Maintenance Practices, Procedures and Tips
Brazing Base Metals Containing Small Amounts of Titanium, Aluminum
Microstructure of Ferrous Alloys
Chapter 17: Vacuum Process Instrumentation and Controls-2
Basic Loading Geometries – Tension, Compression & Bending
Vertical Test Specimen for Furnace Brazing
What is Heat Treating, & Why Do We Do It?
Chapter 17: Vacuum Process Instrumentation and Controls
Revealing Prior-Austenite Grain Boundaries in Heat-Treated Steels
Metallography of Superalloys
Chapter 16: Water Cooling Systems
Reducing Metal-Oxides in Brazing - Part 2
Understanding the Value of Through & Case Hardening of Steels
Chapter 15: Heat Exchanger Design and Maintenance
Reducing Metal-Oxides in Brazing - Part 1
Materials Characterization & Testing: Microstructure of Titanium & Its Alloys
Chapter 14: Diffusion Bonding, Eutectic Melting, Outgassing and Related Topics
Chapter 13: Cleaning of Parts and Fixtures
Controlling Suppliers and Customers: Key to Successful In-House Brazing?
Honeycomb-Brazing Essentials for Successful Use As Turbine Seals
Chapter 12: Leak Rates, Leak Detection & Leak Repair
The Ubiquitous O-Ring
Maintenance for Energy Efficiency
Who is the Nadcap Auditor?
Heat & Corrosion Resistant Materials: High Temperature Alloy Selection in Heat Treating
Liquation of Brazing Filler Metals – Good or Bad?
Chapter 11: Vacuum Valves, Penetrations, Feedthrus and Flanges
Best Practices for Rockwell Hardness Testing
Repair Brazing - Fixing faulty jobs and worn-out components.
Chapter 10: Partial Pressure, Mean Free Path & Related Topics
Fillets in Brazing
Refractory Metals in Engineered Components & Furnaces
Materials Characterization & Testing: Holding Tight Rockwell Test Result Tolerances
Chapter 9: Heating Elements
Thermocouples in Furnace Brazing - Part 2
Understanding Copper & Copper Alloy Heat Treatment
Brazing Question Challenge - Differential Metal Expansion Part 1
Thermocouples in Furnace Brazing - Part 1
Chapter 8: Hot Zone Construction
Kay & Associates Brazing Seminars
Practical Considerations for Successful Hardness Testing
Chapter 7: Vapor Pressure
Differential Metal Expansion - Part 2
When & Why Ion Nitriding Nitrocarburizing Makes Good Sense
Chapter 6: Vacuum Measurement Systems, Part Two
Differential Metal Expansion - Part 1
Voids in Brazed Joints
Chapter 5: Vacuum Measurement Systems, Part One
Practical Vacuum - Good Design, Procedures & Maintenance Equals Good Vacuum
Martensite & Retained Austenite
Braze Joint Design Considerations - Part 2
Chapter 4: Vacuum Pumping Systems, Part Two
Understanding Quenchants & Their Effects
Braze Joint Design Considerations
Chapter 3: Vacuum Pumping Systems, Part One
How to Determine Braze Gap-Clearances for Your Furnace
Chapter 2: The Theory of Gases
Chapter 1: All About Vacuum
Are the use of dead-weights for fixturing a recommended practice?
Partial Pressure Brazing
Selecting Brazing Fixture Materials
VAC AERO is launching a New Monthly Vacuum Brazing Column with Dan Kay!
Brazing - A Great joining Process for this 21st Century!
Brazing in a vacuum \"Atmosphere\"
The Molecule Counters -2: Vacuum Gauges
The Molecule Counters -1: Vacuum Gauges
Technology Trends in Vacuum Heat Treating, Part 3: New Technologies and Future Developments
Technology Trends in Vacuum Heat Treating, Part 2: Processes and Applications
Technology Trends in Vacuum Heat Treating, Part 1: Markets, Processes and Applications
Advances in Martensitic Stainless Processing
Benefits of Heat Treating
Electric Heating Elements
Sintering & Heat-Treatment Response of SH737-2Cu-0.9C Steels
The Growth of Aerospace in India
Vacuum Heating & Brazing Systems, Upgrade or Replace?
Obvious & Not So Obvious Ductile & Brittle Fractures
Can Your Suppliers Hurt Your In-house Brazing?
How To Avoid Hydrogen Embrittlement
Hardness & Hardenability -2: Discussion on Hardenability & Hardenability Testing
Pyrometry for Global Aerospace & Commercial Heat-Treating Industries
Repeatable, Reproducible Preparation & Hardness Depth Measurement of Surface-Hardened Steels
Hardness & Hardenability -1: Tip & Techniques for Hardness Testing
The Importance of Normalizing
The Heat Treatment of Light Metals
Plasma Nitriding of Stainless Steels
Furnace Maintenance & Operation Requirements in AMS 2750D
A Heat Treaters Book Guide
What is Vacuum?
The Embrittlement Phenomena in Hardened & Tempered Steel
Stainless Steels -2: Heat Treatment Techniques
Stainless Steels -1: Classification & Selection
Secrets of Effective Hot Oil Quenching
How to Conduct a Heat Treat Audit
Fundamentals of Press Quenching
A Tutorial on Shot Blasting & Shot/Laser Peening
What Happens to Steel During Heat Treatment? Cooling Transformations
What Happens to Steel During Heat Treatment? Phase Transformations
Oil Quenching -2: What is Your Quench-Oil Analysis Telling You?
Oil Quenching -1: How to Interpret Cooling Curves
In Support of Aerospace Heat-Treatment Quality
What Do We Really Know About Tempering?
Tool Steel Heat Treatment
Operation, Maintenance & Troubleshooting of Oil Diffusion Pumps
It\'s Time to Clean Up Our Act!
HVOF Production of Hard Chromium Substitution Coatings for Improved Wear
How to Move Molecules in Vacuum Systems -2: Diff. Pumps & Troubleshooting
The Carbon Age
How to Move Molecules in Vacuum Systems -1: Mech. & Booster Pumps
Fuel Change - Choices & Consequences
Electricity Deregulation - Is Competition the Answer?
Nadcap for Aerospace Success
Vacuum heat treating and Brazing Vacuum heat treating and Brazing Paint Thermal Spray Coatings Resources: Knowledge Base

VAC AERO News, Education & Training

vacuum-furnacesVAC AERO Opens its Second Facility in Poland

First established in 2003 in Kalisz, Poland VAC AERO has now opened a second facility located in the town of Rzeszow in southeast Poland. VAC AERO’s Polish divisions offer vacuum heat  treating and brazing, vacuum carburizing, air plasma spray (APS) and HVOF protective coatings, as well as corrosion and oxidation resistant paint coatings. This will VAC AERO’s sixth vacuum heat treating, brazing and coating facility worldwide.

Vacuum Technology with "The Heat Treat Doctor"

vacuum furnacesTool Steel Carbides

Tool steel heat treatment is based on a simple premise, that to obtain the optimum performance from any given grade, every step of the heat treating process including stress relief, austenitizing, quenching, cryogenic treatment and multiple tempers must be done exactly correct. Absolute control of both process and equipment variability is one of many reasons why vacuum processing is popular in tool steel heat treatment.

Vacuum Brazing with Dan Kay

vacuum furnaceCenterline Eutectics in Ni-brazing

Joint clearances must be tight for effective Ni-brazing. Nickel-based brazing filler metals (BFM) can leave a hard, non-ductile eutectic phase in the middle of a brazed joint. The hard, non-ductile metallurgical phase-structures that form upon solidification of Ni-brazed joints must be carefully controlled, or else they can, and will, result in cracks inside the joint in stressful mechanical or thermal-cycling service inside the joint.

Metallography with George Vander Voort

vacuum-furnaceRevealing the Microstructure of Tool Steels

After we have properly prepared our tool steel specimens, it is generally best to examine them as-polished before etching unless we are simply doing a routine test, for depth of decarburization, degree of spheroidization, and so forth. Examination of selectively etched tool steel microstructures by light microscopy provides more information than standard etchants, such as nital, picral or Vilella’s reagent.

The Monty, September 8, 2004

We just received this note from Vac Aero about a new furnace order they just received. I'll let them give you the details (below).

"VAC AERO International Inc., Oakville, Ontario, Canada was awarded a contract to supply a 10 bar pressure quench vacuum furnace to Shin Poong Precision Specialty Steel in Korea. The furnace, which incorporates VAC AERO’s latest advances in hot zone design for high pressure quenching, will be used for tool and die hardening and brazing applications. As part of the contract, VAC AERO is also supplying installation supervision services through its Korean associate, AeroTech."

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